Egypt and Art

This painting depicts a multi-purpose spacecraft in geostationary orbit. The main purpose of such a satellite is communication: television, telephone, telegraph... Directional parabolic antennas of various diameters will provide reception and transmission of signals with high information content. Satellite orientation will be supported by jet engines.
The main part of the apparatus is mounted from \"cubes\" wherein scientific equipment for space exploration is located. Such a design and layout solution will allow, if necessary, to change the \"cubes-compartments\", deliver them to Earth for repair, or, with the results of scientific research.
Transport spacecraft will serve such satellites, like all orbital stations of the future.ID #008492

Fire labyrinths await an all-terrain vehicle among the secrets of an unfamiliar planet. It’s not easy to find a way out. But a reliable guiding thread is the thought, the mind of man...ID #008493

An important practical step in the development of multi-zone photography from near-Earth orbit was the \"Rainbow\" experiment, performed in September 1976 by the cosmonauts Bykovsky and Aksenov aboard the Soyuz-22 spacecraft. MKF-6 equipment operating in six spectral bands was developed by specialists from the USSR and the German Democratic Republic and manufactured at the Carl Zeiss, Jena national enterprise. During the operation of the camera in space, several hundred multi-zone images were obtained.ID #008494

The introduction for the predecessor of this painting (\"Early morning in space\") says: \"in the picture we see the moment when the first rays of the Sun illuminate the orbital station, and it shines like a precious diamond on the background of velvet blackness of space covered with stars.\"
This painting depicts the Soyuz spacecraft on the background of our beautiful planet Earth, illuminated at dawn by the sun, which rises and sets for this orbiter every hour and a half.ID #008495

One of the problems facing the builders of large and long-lasting orbital stations is the creation of artificial gravity at these stations. Perhaps this problem can be solved as proposed by K.E. Tsiolkovsky: a toroidal-shaped station rotates around its central core, and centrifugal force creates gravity.
If we compare this painting with the picture \"At the Orbital Station\" from the set of postcards \"On the star trails\", we immediately see that the latter is a sketch for this picture.
Here we see a more thorough drawing of the station itself, a lot of small details that give the picture a finished look. These are solar panels, and radial corridors that connect the station\'s wheel to its central core, and luminous windows.ID #008496

It seems that you can run into the horizon: it is unusually close - a hundred meters. For some reason, the sun rises... in the West. And slowly - within 59 days - it is setting. The night lasts the same long. Around - a red-hot rocky desert, rugged by rays of lead, tin, zinc. Low clouds look like brown fog.
We are on Venus. Surrounded by a dense atmosphere, it kept its secrets for thousands of years. But the impudent dreamer Sergey Pavlovich Korolev, the founder of practical cosmonautics, on February 12, 1961, sent the first automatic station to the morning star on behalf of all mankind. Others started after it.
Earthlings have learned: in the atmosphere of Venus, 96% carbon dioxide, 4% nitrogen, practically no oxygen, 0.1-0.4% water vapor, droplets of sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, particles of solid sulfur, a little chlorine; the surface temperature is almost 500 degrees Celsius, the pressure is 90 atmospheres. The Venus descent vehicles transmitted portraits of the “beauty”, took samples and performed soil analysis, performed surface mapping. Expeditions of automatic stations brought science unique information about the \"planet of mysteries\".ID #008497

On that, not yet arrived day, the Soviet Baikonur cosmodrome will probably already be a museum. And not in the Kazakh steppe, but on the Moon, or, on a giant orbital station, ordinary words will ring with metal and human hearts will beat very fast in time with the commands:
- Key to start!
- Ignition!
- Lift-off!
The first photon ship of earthlings will go to distant stars, so that in overcoming space and time, people will be able to realize the simple truth spoken at the dawn of the 20th century by the great Tsiolkovsky: “Man or another creature is matter. It wanders throughout the Universe. The fate of the creature depends on the fate of the Universe. Therefore, every creature must be imbued with the history of the Universe. Such a high point of view is needed. A narrow point of view can lead to confusion.”ID #008498

There is no way for a man. An automatic wedge of cosmonauts rode out onto a hot field of frozen lava, and suddenly the sweeping clouds dispersed for a second. The sun appeared - unusual, huge, unlike ours earthly sun...ID #008500

The picture shows the moment when the space station and the approaching spacecraft Soyuz fly over the night side of the Earth. We watch a reflection of the moon in the atmosphere and the northern lights spread from horizon to horizon.ID #008501

A launch of the first interstellar automatic probe with a new engine type is being prepared from the Lunaport-2 cosmodrome. As usual, reconnaissance probes are walking in front of a man in space. Several such probes will go to the nearest stellar systems to get the necessary information about the interstellar medium, meteor showers. Also they will conduct the first study of the nearest systems. Without all this, you cannot send manned interstellar expeditions. This is a single program designed for hundreds of years. Only a few decades later, information will be received from the nearest stars - the system of stars of Alpha Centauri, the amazing \"flying\" Barnard Star. Then the turn of Sirius will come, it is twice far. And then the nearest candidate for the search of life - Epsilon Indian...ID #008502

When designing a spacecraft for the exploration of Mars, it seems tempting to inspect different areas with the help of the same automatic station. In order for such a station to be able to move across the planet’s surface, it’s possible that automatic all-terrain vehicle with inflatable transparent shell will be created. So, it will move with the help of wind power.ID #008503

Striking light effects arising in the Earth’s atmosphere can be observed from the board of the orbital station. As an example - this rainbow in the form of a ring. Only from space the rainbow can be seen as an entire ring, but not yoke-shaped familiar to us.ID #008504

Guiding beacons have always been and will be reliable landmarks for earth and space travelers. Solving the problems of navigating the motion of spacecraft, accurately determining the coordinates of the location at any time, as well as obtaining a variety of \"intergalactic meteorological information\" about cosmic rays, radiation and gravitational conditions, the surface temperature of the nearest celestial bodies and the testimony of a single World Time service - all this can be quickly and accurately obtained by future cosmonauts from star beacons equipped with various measuring instruments and communication equipment.ID #008505

When viewed from outer space heights, the Earth opened up in a new way, and the possibilities for studying natural resources with a view to their most rational use have expanded tremendously.
The name Ocean would be much more suitable for our home planet, because two-thirds of the surface of the globe are water expanses. Life itself on Earth originated in the ocean. In our time, the role of the oceans in human life has increased tremendously. Now about 15 percent of animal proteins that go into food comes from marine fishing. About 25 percent of the world\'s oil and gas production comes from the offshore area. The first marine mines to mine other minerals appear. In the future, the oceans will play an even greater role in our lives.
The systematic study of the oceans from space began in 1979 with the launch of the specialized Earth satellite \"Cosmos-1076\". Satellites make it possible to identify zones of intense storms, determine the characteristics of ice fields, obtain temperature maps of the ocean surface, and identify biologically productive areas of the water area.
Over time, the tasks performed by oceanological satellites will expand and become more complex. Thanks to satellites, it will be possible to obtain not only a superficial picture of the phenomena in the ocean, but also a three-dimensional, deep one, observe very widespread internal waves, estimate heat reserves in various regions, which is very important for long-term weather forecasts and for the fishing fleet.
In the picture, we see one of these satellites, conducting exploration of the World Ocean from orbit.ID #008506

Artificial satellite in Earth orbit. Solar galaxy.
This small part of outer space, enclosed in a rectangle of a postal stamp, indicates that a person triumphantly penetrates so far only into the \"near\" space. But ahead is the Universe, the Galaxy. The inquiring thought of man is already rushing to other worlds, to other heights. The artist, as it were, talks about how much a person needs to know in order to conquer the Universe, to study it.ID #008507

The first visit by earthlings to the fiery planet is coming to its end. Another page in the great book of knowledge of the universe is turned. Automatic probe with antenna directed to the Earth will remain the \"representative\" of the cosmonauts on a hot planet. Humanity will be aware of everything that happens in one of the amazing corners of the world.ID #008508

Auroras in both the northern and southern hemispheres were observed at different times by many astronauts, especially participants in long-term expeditions. This spectacle equally fascinates those who see it from the Earth, and those who watch it from space.
But such a powerful radiance that Vladimir Kovalenok and Alexander Ivanchenkov saw during their flight in 1978, was not observed by anyone else. Red flashes spread not only across the horizon, it seemed that they want to reach the stars. And the Salyut-6 orbital station was not above the aurora, as usual, but as if inside it, for some time it flew through the sea of ??cold fire, which was silently shimmering behind the windows of the windows.
The picture of this flight through the aurora was painted by the artist after the completion of the expedition according to the stories and sketches of the astronauts and, according to them, accurately conveys the picture they saw.
The study of auroras, the dynamics of their development and intensity is necessary for a better understanding of the structure of our atmosphere, in particular its upper layers, the state of which significantly affects both climate formation and the reliability of radio communications.ID #008509

In the picture we see the moment when the first rays of the Sun illuminate the orbital station, and it shines like a precious diamond on the background of velvet blackness of space covered with stars.ID #008510

This “black” star shown in the picture is the artist’s fantasy. However, modern theory indicates the existence of stars that, in the process of evolution, when the sources of nuclear energy are exhausted, cool down, lose stability and begin to compress extremely quickly to a radius of about ten kilometers. There is a catastrophe, or, as physicists say, \"gravitational collapse.\" A so-called collapsing star is formed.ID #008511

A balloon floats above the south pole of Mars. During the day, under the influence of sunlight, the gas in the balloon heats up, and the balloon lifts over the Martian surface. The wind carries it over long distances. At night, when the temperature decreases, the balloon descends, and another group of instruments designed for soil research comes into operation.*The painting is signed by Andrey Sokolov only, but several sources say about participation of Alexey Leonov in this work.ID #008518

The first picture to have been taken to space. It was dispatched to the \"Salyut-6\" orbiting station by the Soviet-Czechoslovak space crew (A.Gubarev, V.Remek) and brought back to Earth by the Soviet-Polish space crew (P.Klimuk, M. Giermaszewski) in 1978.ID #008519